diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main/index.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main/index.ts
index 85da16b..1918506 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main/index.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main/index.ts
@@ -59,6 +59,18 @@ app.whenReady().then(async () => {
   const oldDataDir = nodePath.join(app.getPath('userData'), 'legacy-data');
   const r = await migrator.migrate(oldDataDir, vault.fileService?.getRoot() ?? '').catch(() => null);
   if (r?.migrated) console.log('[MIGRATION] migrated', r.count, 'items');
+  // FR-A5：GPU 探测——软渲染时自动禁用实时模糊
+  let gpuStatus = { softwareRendering: false, vendor: '', renderer: '' };
+  try {
+    const gi = await (app as any).getGPUInfo('full');
+    gpuStatus = {
+      softwareRendering: gi.softwareRendering === true || /SwiftShader|llvmpipe|Software/.test(gi.gpuDevice?.[0]?.renderer ?? ''),
+      vendor: gi.gpuDevice?.[0]?.vendorString ?? '',
+      renderer: gi.gpuDevice?.[0]?.renderer ?? '',
+    };
+  } catch { /* getGPUInfo 在某些环境不可用 */ }
+  ipcMain.handle(IPC.gpuInfo, () => gpuStatus);
+
   registerIpc(vault);
   createWindow();
   app.on('activate', () => { if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow(); });
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/App.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/App.tsx
index d1a6389..54a4087 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/App.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/App.tsx
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function App() {
   const settings = useSettings();
   const layout = useLayout();
 
-  useEffect(() => { loadVault(); loadTree(); restore(); appearance.load(); useKeymap.getState().load(); }, []);
+  useEffect(() => { loadVault(); loadTree(); restore(); appearance.load(); useKeymap.getState().load(); useSettings.getState().loadGpu(); }, []);
   useEffect(() => { if (activeId && tabs.length > 0) { const t = tabs.find(x => x.id === activeId); if (t) openDoc(t.path).catch(() => {}); } }, []);
   useGlobalHotkeys({ onNewDoc: () => {}, onSave: () => useStore.getState().saveNow(), onFocusSearch: () => { const el = document.querySelector('input[placeholder*="搜索"]') as HTMLInputElement; el?.focus(); }, onToggleOutline: () => layout.toggleOutline(), onCheat: () => setShowCheat(true), onSettings: () => setShowSettings(true) });
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export function App() {
   useEffect(() => { document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--editor-font-size', settings.fontSize + 'px'); document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--editor-font-family', settings.fontFamily); document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--editor-white-space', settings.wordWrap ? 'pre-wrap' : 'pre'); }, [settings.fontSize, settings.fontFamily, settings.wordWrap]);
   return (
     <div style={{ position: 'relative', display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', height: '100vh', background: 'var(--bg-primary, #1a1a1a)', color: '#ddd' }}>
-      {appearance.bgImage && <div style={{ position: 'absolute', inset: 0, backgroundImage: 'url(' + appearance.bgImage + ')', backgroundSize: 'cover', backgroundPosition: 'center', filter: 'blur(var(--blur-px,0px))', opacity: 0.45, zIndex: 0, pointerEvents: 'none' }} />}
+      {appearance.bgImage && <div style={{ position: 'absolute', inset: 0, backgroundImage: 'url(' + appearance.bgImage + ')', backgroundSize: 'cover', backgroundPosition: 'center', filter: settings.perfMode ? 'none' : 'blur(var(--blur-px,0px))', opacity: 0.45, zIndex: 0, pointerEvents: 'none' }} />}
       <div style={{ position: 'relative', zIndex: 1, display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', height: '100vh' }}>
       <TitleBar view={view} onToggleView={() => setView(v => v === 'editor' ? 'graph' : 'editor')} onSettings={() => setShowSettings(true)} onAppearance={() => setShowAppearance(true)} onToggleSidebar={() => layout.toggleSidebar()} onToggleMinimal={() => layout.toggleMinimal()} minimal={layout.minimal} />
       <Toolbar />
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/effects/EffectLayer.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/effects/EffectLayer.tsx
index 9462e5a..9b6c35f 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/effects/EffectLayer.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/effects/EffectLayer.tsx
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import { EffectEngine } from '../effects/effect-engine';
 import { useAppearance } from '../appearance/appearance-store';
+import { useSettings } from '../settings/settings-store';
 
 export function EffectLayer() {
   const ref = useRef<HTMLCanvasElement>(null);
   const engineRef = useRef<EffectEngine | null>(null);
   const effect = useAppearance(s => s.effect);
   const accent = useAppearance(s => s.draft.accent);
+  const perfMode = useSettings(s => s.perfMode);
 
   // 建引擎一次
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -22,8 +24,9 @@ export function EffectLayer() {
     const eng = engineRef.current;
     if (!eng) return;
     eng.setColor(accent);
-    eng.setType(effect);
-  }, [effect, accent]);
+    // FR-A5：性能优先时关闭特效
+    eng.setType(perfMode ? 'off' : effect);
+  }, [effect, accent, perfMode]);
 
   return <canvas ref={ref} data-effect={effect} style={{ position: 'fixed', inset: 0, pointerEvents: 'none', zIndex: 9999 }} />;
 }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/SettingsPanel.tsx b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/SettingsPanel.tsx
index 2e337cf..59d5483 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/SettingsPanel.tsx
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/SettingsPanel.tsx
@@ -57,7 +57,14 @@ export function SettingsPanel({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
           <div style={row}><span style={lbl}>代码块显示行号</span><button onClick={() => s.set('showLineNumbers', !s.showLineNumbers)} style={toggle(s.showLineNumbers)}><span style={dot(s.showLineNumbers)} /></button></div>
           <div style={row}><span style={lbl}>自动换行</span><button onClick={() => s.set('wordWrap', !s.wordWrap)} style={toggle(s.wordWrap)}><span style={dot(s.wordWrap)} /></button></div>
         </>}
-        {page === 'other' && <div style={row}><span style={lbl}>删除前确认</span><button onClick={() => s.set('confirmDelete', !s.confirmDelete)} style={toggle(s.confirmDelete)}><span style={dot(s.confirmDelete)} /></button></div>}
+        {page === 'other' && <>
+          <div style={row}><span style={lbl}>删除前确认</span><button onClick={() => s.set('confirmDelete', !s.confirmDelete)} style={toggle(s.confirmDelete)}><span style={dot(s.confirmDelete)} /></button></div>
+          <div style={row}>
+            <span style={lbl}>性能优先{s.gpuStatus?.softwareRendering ? '（检测到软渲染）' : ''}</span>
+            <button data-testid="perf-toggle" onClick={() => s.set('perfMode', !s.perfMode)} style={toggle(s.perfMode)}><span style={dot(s.perfMode)} /></button>
+          </div>
+          {s.gpuStatus && <div style={{ fontSize: 11, color: 'var(--text-tertiary)', padding: '4px 0' }}>GPU: {s.gpuStatus.renderer || '未知'} {s.gpuStatus.softwareRendering ? '⚠️软渲染' : '✓硬件加速'}</div>}
+        </>}
         {page === 'path' && <PathPage />}
         {page === 'keymap' && <>
           <div style={{ ...lbl, opacity: 0.6, marginBottom: 8 }}>点击「录入」后按下新组合键（需含 Ctrl/Meta/Alt）；Esc 取消</div>
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/settings-store.ts b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/settings-store.ts
index 5507dfa..7ae9b74 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/settings-store.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/renderer/features/settings/settings-store.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ export interface Settings {
   showLineNumbers: boolean;  // 代码块行号，真实生效
   wordWrap: boolean;         // 自动换行，真实生效
   confirmDelete: boolean;    // 删除前确认，真实生效
+  perfMode: boolean;         // FR-A5：性能优先——关闭实时模糊/特效
+  gpuStatus: { softwareRendering: boolean; vendor: string; renderer: string } | null; // FR-A5：GPU 探测结果
 }
 
 const DEFAULTS: Settings = {
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ const DEFAULTS: Settings = {
   showLineNumbers: false,
   wordWrap: true,
   confirmDelete: true,
+  perfMode: false,
+  gpuStatus: null,
 };
 
 const KEY = 'dsh-settings';
@@ -29,10 +33,19 @@ function load(): Settings {
 interface SettingsState extends Settings {
   set: <K extends keyof Settings>(key: K, value: Settings[K]) => void;
   persist: () => void;
+  loadGpu: () => Promise<void>; // FR-A5：从主进程拉取 GPU 状态
 }
 
 export const useSettings = create<SettingsState>((set, get) => ({
   ...load(),
   set: (key, value) => { set({ [key]: value } as any); get().persist(); },
-  persist: () => { try { localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify({ fontSize: get().fontSize, fontFamily: get().fontFamily, autoSaveInterval: get().autoSaveInterval, showLineNumbers: get().showLineNumbers, wordWrap: get().wordWrap, confirmDelete: get().confirmDelete })); } catch {} },
+  persist: () => { try { localStorage.setItem(KEY, JSON.stringify({ fontSize: get().fontSize, fontFamily: get().fontFamily, autoSaveInterval: get().autoSaveInterval, showLineNumbers: get().showLineNumbers, wordWrap: get().wordWrap, confirmDelete: get().confirmDelete, perfMode: get().perfMode })); } catch {} },
+  loadGpu: async () => {
+    try {
+      const r = await (globalThis as any).dsh.invoke('gpu:info');
+      set({ gpuStatus: r as any });
+      // FR-A5：软渲染时自动开启性能优先
+      if (r?.softwareRendering && !get().perfMode) set({ perfMode: true });
+    } catch { /* IPC 不可用时忽略 */ }
+  },
 }));
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/perf-mode.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/perf-mode.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c28b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/perf-mode.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { _electron as electron } from 'playwright';
+import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+
+const MAIN_JS = nodePath.join(process.cwd(), 'dist-electron/main/index.js');
+
+async function launch(userData: string) {
+  const app = await electron.launch({ args: ['--user-data-dir=' + userData, MAIN_JS] });
+  const page = await app.firstWindow();
+  await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+  const invoke = (ch: string, args: any) => page.evaluate(({ ch, args }) => (globalThis as any).dsh.invoke(ch, args), { ch, args });
+  return { app, page, invoke };
+}
+
+// FR-A5：GPU 探测 + 性能优先开关
+test('FR-A5：GPU 探测 + 性能优先开关持久化', async () => {
+  const tmp = await fs.mkdtemp(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-a5-'));
+  const userData = nodePath.join(tmp, 'userdata');
+  const vault = nodePath.join(tmp, 'vault');
+  await fs.mkdir(userData, { recursive: true });
+  await fs.mkdir(vault, { recursive: true });
+
+  const a = await launch(userData);
+  await a.invoke('vault:switch', { root: vault });
+
+  // GPU info IPC 应可用
+  const gpu = await a.invoke('gpu:info', null as any);
+  expect(gpu).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(typeof gpu.softwareRendering).toBe('boolean');
+
+  // 打开设置 -> 其他页
+  await a.page.getByTitle('设置').click();
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('设置', { exact: true })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '其他' }).click();
+
+  // 性能优先开关应可见
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('性能优先')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+
+  // GPU 信息应显示
+  await expect(a.page.getByText(/GPU:/)).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+
+  // 开启性能优先——通过 data-testid 定位 toggle
+  const perfToggle = a.page.getByTestId('perf-toggle');
+  await perfToggle.click();
+
+  // 关闭设置面板
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Escape');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+
+  // 重开应用验证持久化
+  await a.app.close();
+  const a2 = await launch(userData);
+  await a2.invoke('vault:switch', { root: vault });
+  await a2.page.getByTitle('设置').click();
+  await a2.page.getByRole('button', { name: '其他' }).click();
+
+  // perfMode 应已持久化（toggle 为开启状态）
+  const toggleBg = await a2.page.getByTestId('perf-toggle').evaluate((el: HTMLButtonElement) => el.style.background);
+  // 开启时 background 应为 var(--accent) 或对应值
+  expect(toggleBg).toContain('accent');
+
+  await a2.app.close();
+});
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/types/ipc.ts b/packages/shared/src/types/ipc.ts
index 266ccc8..9f76813 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/types/ipc.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/types/ipc.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export const IPC = {
   winMinimize: 'win:minimize',
   winMaximize: 'win:maximize',
   winClose: 'win:close',
+  gpuInfo: 'gpu:info',
   copyMd: 'doc:copy-md',
   printPdf: 'doc:print-pdf',
   appearanceLoad: 'appearance:load',
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ export interface IpcMap {
   [IPC.winMinimize]: { args: void; result: void };
   [IPC.winMaximize]: { args: void; result: void };
   [IPC.winClose]: { args: void; result: void };
+  [IPC.gpuInfo]: { args: void; result: { softwareRendering: boolean; vendor: string; renderer: string } };
   [IPC.copyMd]: { args: { path: string }; result: string };
   [IPC.printPdf]: { args: void; result: void };
   [IPC.appearanceLoad]: { args: void; result: { themeId: string; params: Record<string, unknown>; effect: string; bgImage: string | null } | null };