diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/button-all.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/button-all.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..706567b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/button-all.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { _electron as electron } from 'playwright';
+import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+
+const MAIN_JS = nodePath.join(process.cwd(), 'dist-electron/main/index.js');
+
+async function launch(userData: string) {
+  const app = await electron.launch({ args: ['--user-data-dir=' + userData, MAIN_JS] });
+  const page = await app.firstWindow();
+  await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+  const invoke = (ch: string, args: any) => page.evaluate(({ ch, args }) => (globalThis as any).dsh.invoke(ch, args), { ch, args });
+  return { app, page, invoke };
+}
+
+async function setupVault(a: { page: any; invoke: any }, docs: { name: string; body?: string; tags?: string[]; links?: string[] }[] = []) {
+  const tmp = await fs.mkdtemp(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-btn-'));
+  const ud = nodePath.join(tmp, 'ud'); const v = nodePath.join(tmp, 'v');
+  await fs.mkdir(ud, { recursive: true }); await fs.mkdir(v, { recursive: true });
+  await a.invoke('vault:switch', { root: v });
+  for (const d of docs) {
+    await a.invoke('doc:write', { path: d.name + '.md', meta: { title: d.name, tags: d.tags, links: d.links }, body: d.body ?? ('# ' + d.name) });
+  }
+  await a.page.getByTitle('刷新').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  return { tmp, v };
+}
+
+// === TitleBar 按钮验证 ===
+test('TitleBar: 所有按钮可点击', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-tb-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a);
+  // 侧边栏开关
+  await a.page.getByTitle('侧边栏开关').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('侧边栏开关').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 外观定制
+  await a.page.getByTitle('外观定制').click();
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('外观定制', { exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Escape'); await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 刷新
+  await a.page.getByTitle('刷新').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 切换编辑器/图谱
+  await a.page.getByTitle('切换 编辑器/图谱').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '知识图谱' })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.page.getByTitle('切换 编辑器/图谱').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 标签栏开关
+  await a.page.getByTestId('tabbar-toggle').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('tabbar-toggle').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 极简模式
+  await a.page.getByTitle('极简模式').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('极简模式').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 设置
+  await a.page.getByTitle('设置').click();
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('设置', { exact: true }).first()).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Escape'); await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === Toolbar 按钮验证 ===
+test('Toolbar: 新建文档+新建文件夹可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-tb2-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a);
+  // 新建文档
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: /新建文档/ }).click();
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/输入文档标题/).fill('BtnTest1');
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/输入文档标题/).press('Enter');
+  await expect(a.page.getByTestId('tabbar').getByText('BtnTest1', { exact: true })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+  // 新建文件夹
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '新建文件夹' }).click();
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/文件夹名称/).fill('TestFolder');
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/文件夹名称/).press('Enter');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('TestFolder', { exact: true })).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === EditorToolbar 按钮验证 ===
+test('EditorToolbar: 格式按钮可点击生效', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-et-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'FmtTest', body: 'Hello World' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('FmtTest').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  await a.page.locator('.ProseMirror').click();
+  await a.page.keyboard.type('test text');
+  // 星标
+  await a.page.getByTitle('星标').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 加粗
+  await a.page.getByTitle('加粗 Ctrl+B').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 斜体
+  await a.page.getByTitle('斜体 Ctrl+I').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 删除线
+  await a.page.getByTitle('删除线 Alt+Shift+5').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 行内代码
+  await a.page.getByTitle('行内代码 Ctrl+E').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 标题
+  await a.page.getByTitle('一级标题 Ctrl+1').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('二级标题 Ctrl+2').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('三级标题 Ctrl+3').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 列表
+  await a.page.getByTitle('无序列表 Ctrl+L').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('有序列表 Ctrl+Shift+O').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 代码块
+  await a.page.getByTitle('代码块 Ctrl+Shift+M').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 撤销/重做
+  await a.page.getByTitle('撤销 Ctrl+Z').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('重做 Ctrl+Y').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 验证编辑器有内容（按钮没崩溃）
+  const html = await a.page.locator('.ProseMirror').innerHTML();
+  expect(html.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === EditorToolbar: 链接/图片按钮 ===
+test('EditorToolbar: 链接气泡按钮可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-lb-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'LinkTest', body: 'some text here' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('LinkTest').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  await a.page.locator('.ProseMirror').click();
+  await a.page.keyboard.type('linktext');
+  // 选中文字
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Shift+Home');
+  // 点击链接按钮
+  await a.page.getByTitle('链接').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 应弹出输入对话框
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('插入链接')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('https://example.com').fill('https://test.com');
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('https://example.com').press('Enter');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  // 验证链接已插入
+  const html = await a.page.locator('.ProseMirror').innerHTML();
+  expect(html).toContain('test.com');
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === FindReplace 按钮验证 ===
+test('FindReplace: 查找/替换按钮可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-fr-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'FindTest', body: 'find me find me find me' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('FindTest').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  // Ctrl+F 呼出查找
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Control+f');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('查找').fill('find');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 查找按钮
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '查找' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 上一个/下一个
+  await a.page.getByTitle('下一个').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('上一个').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(100);
+  // 替换
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('替换').fill('replaced');
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '替换', exact: true }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 全部替换
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '全部替换' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === MoreActions 按钮验证 ===
+test('MoreActions: 菜单+复制可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-ma-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'MoreTest', body: 'copy this' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('MoreTest').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  // 点击更多操作
+  await a.page.getByTitle('更多操作').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('复制 Markdown')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  // 复制 Markdown
+  await a.page.getByText('复制 Markdown').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  // 应显示成功提示
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('已复制 Markdown')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === DocInfoPanel 按钮验证 ===
+test('DocInfoPanel: 星标+标签+关联可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-di-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'DocA', body: 'doc a' }, { name: 'DocB', body: 'doc b' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('DocA').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  // 切换到信息面板
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '信息', exact: true }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 星标（信息面板内——第2个星标按钮，用 evaluate 精确点击）
+  await a.page.evaluate(() => {
+    const stars = document.querySelectorAll('button[title="星标"]');
+    if (stars.length >= 2) (stars[1] as HTMLElement).click();
+  });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 添加标签
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('添加标签').fill('testtag');
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder('添加标签').press('Enter');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('testtag')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  // 关联文档
+  const select = a.page.locator('select').first();
+  await select.selectOption('DocB.md');
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '关联' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('DocB.md')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === SettingsPanel 按钮验证 ===
+test('SettingsPanel: 页签+开关+按钮可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-sp-' + Date.now()));
+  await setupVault(a);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('设置').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 页签切换
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '快捷键' }).click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '编辑器' }).click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '路径' }).click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '其他' }).click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 编辑器页：自动换行 toggle（用 evaluate 找到标签旁的按钮）
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '编辑器' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.evaluate(() => {
+    const labels = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('span'));
+    const lbl = labels.find(s => s.textContent === '自动换行');
+    if (lbl) {
+      const row = lbl.parentElement;
+      const btn = row?.querySelector('button');
+      (btn as HTMLElement)?.click();
+    }
+  });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 其他页：性能优先 toggle
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '其他' }).click();
+  await a.page.getByTestId('perf-toggle').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('perf-toggle').click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 快捷键页：重置按钮
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '快捷键' }).click();
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '重置默认' }).click(); await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === FileTree hover buttons + context menu ===
+test('FileTree: 悬停按钮+右键菜单可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-ft-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'FTDoc', body: 'ft test' }]);
+  await a.invoke('file:create', { basePath: '', name: 'FTFolder', isFolder: true });
+  await a.page.getByTitle('刷新').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 悬停文件夹行显示按钮——用 mouse.move 物理触发 hover
+  const folderSpan = a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('FTFolder', { exact: true });
+  const box = await folderSpan.boundingBox();
+  if (box) {
+    await a.page.mouse.move(box.x + box.width / 2, box.y + box.height / 2);
+    await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  }
+  // 新建文档按钮（此时 hover 状态已激活，按钮已渲染）
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByTitle('新建文档').click();
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/文档标题/).fill('SubDoc');
+  await a.page.getByPlaceholder(/文档标题/).press('Enter');
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 右键菜单
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('FTDoc', { exact: true }).click({ button: 'right' });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByText('重命名')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.page.keyboard.press('Escape');
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === Graph controls + tabs ===
+test('Graph: 控件+模式切换可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-gc-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'G1', body: 'g1' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTitle('切换 编辑器/图谱').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 思维导图/知识图谱 切换
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '知识图谱' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(1000);
+  await expect(a.page.getByTestId('graph-controls')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 5000 });
+  // 放大/缩小/适配（用 evaluate 点击——测试窗口小，控件在视口边缘）
+  await a.page.evaluate(() => {
+    (document.querySelector('button[title="放大"]') as HTMLElement)?.click();
+  });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.evaluate(() => {
+    (document.querySelector('button[title="缩小"]') as HTMLElement)?.click();
+  });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  await a.page.evaluate(() => {
+    (document.querySelector('[data-testid="fit-view-btn"]') as HTMLElement)?.click();
+  });
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(200);
+  // 切换回思维导图
+  await a.page.getByRole('button', { name: '思维导图' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await a.app.close();
+});
+
+// === TabBar pin/close ===
+test('TabBar: 固定+关闭可用', async () => {
+  const a = await launch(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-tab-' + Date.now()));
+  const { v } = await setupVault(a, [{ name: 'Tab1', body: 't1' }, { name: 'Tab2', body: 't2' }]);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('Tab1').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await a.page.getByTestId('filetree').getByText('Tab2').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 固定 Tab1（pin 按钮是 span[title="固定"]●）
+  const tab1 = a.page.getByTestId('tabbar').locator('div').filter({ hasText: 'Tab1' }).first();
+  await tab1.locator('span[title="固定"]').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 取消固定
+  await tab1.locator('span[title="取消固定"]').click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  // 关闭 Tab2（close 按钮是 span 文本 x）
+  const tab2 = a.page.getByTestId('tabbar').locator('div').filter({ hasText: 'Tab2' }).first();
+  await tab2.locator('span').filter({ hasText: 'x' }).click();
+  await a.page.waitForTimeout(300);
+  await expect(a.page.getByTestId('tabbar').getByText('Tab2', { exact: true })).toHaveCount(0, { timeout: 3000 });
+  await a.app.close();
+});