diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ef44c61..88f1b97 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -12,3 +12,8 @@ packages/*/src/**/*.js
 packages/*/src/**/*.d.ts
 packages/*/src/**/*.js.map
 *.tsbuildinfo
+
+# Playwright E2E artifacts
+test-results/
+playwright-report/
+apps/desktop/tests/e2e/.report/
diff --git a/apps/desktop/package.json b/apps/desktop/package.json
index abce1f5..ef9c83f 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/package.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "electron-vite dev",
     "build": "electron-vite build",
-    "typecheck": "tsc -b"
+    "typecheck": "tsc -b",
+    "test:e2e": "electron-vite build && playwright test"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@hunter/shared": "workspace:*",
@@ -39,11 +40,13 @@
     "zustand": "^5.0.15"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.62.1",
     "@types/node": "^20.0.0",
     "@types/react": "^18.3.0",
     "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
     "electron": "^30.0.0",
     "electron-vite": "^2.3.0",
+    "playwright": "^1.62.1",
     "react": "^18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
     "typescript": "^5.6.0",
diff --git a/apps/desktop/playwright.config.ts b/apps/desktop/playwright.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79bc144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/playwright.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
+
+// Electron E2E：测试在 tests/e2e 内用 _electron.launch 启动 built main（dist-electron/main/index.js）
+export default defineConfig({
+  testDir: './tests/e2e',
+  timeout: 60_000,
+  expect: { timeout: 15_000 },
+  fullyParallel: false,
+  workers: 1,
+  retries: 0,
+  reportDir: './tests/e2e/.report',
+  use: { trace: 'retain-on-failure' },
+});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/roundtrip.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/roundtrip.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e269bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/roundtrip.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { _electron as electron } from 'playwright';
+import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+
+const MAIN_JS = nodePath.join(process.cwd(), 'dist-electron/main/index.js');
+const VAULT_SWITCH = 'vault:switch';
+const FILE_CREATE = 'file:create';
+const DOC_WRITE = 'doc:write';
+const DOC_READ = 'doc:read';
+
+// 含嵌套强调、转义、4/3 反引号围栏、GFM 表格对齐、任务列表、数学公式
+const KNOWN_MD = [
+  '# 金标准往返语料',
+  '',
+  '嵌套强调：**外层 *内层* 收尾** 与 ***粗斜***。',
+  '',
+  '转义：写出 \\*不是斜体\\*；代码内 `*不生效*`。',
+  '',
+  '4 反引号围栏包裹 3 反引号：',
+  '',
+  '````md',
+  '```js',
+  'console.log("hi")',
+  '```',
+  '````',
+  '',
+  '| 左 | 中 | 右 |',
+  '|:--|:-:|--:|',
+  '| a | b | c |',
+  '',
+  '- [x] 已完成',
+  '- [ ] 未完成',
+  '',
+  '行内 $a^2+b^2=c^2$ 与',
+  '',
+  '$$E=mc^2$$',
+].join('\n');
+
+async function launch(userData: string) {
+  const app = await electron.launch({ args: ['--user-data-dir=' + userData, MAIN_JS] });
+  const page = await app.firstWindow();
+  await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+  const invoke = (ch: string, args: any) =>
+    page.evaluate(({ ch, args }) => (globalThis as any).dsh.invoke(ch, args), { ch, args });
+  return { app, page, invoke };
+}
+
+test('金标准：建→写→存→重开 字节一致', async () => {
+  const tmp = await fs.mkdtemp(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-rt-'));
+  const userData = nodePath.join(tmp, 'userdata');
+  const vault = nodePath.join(tmp, 'vault');
+  await fs.mkdir(userData, { recursive: true });
+  await fs.mkdir(vault, { recursive: true });
+
+  // 建 + 写
+  const a1 = await launch(userData);
+  const ud: string = await a1.app.evaluate(({ app }) => app.getPath('userData'));
+  expect(ud.startsWith(tmp)).toBeTruthy(); // 确认 --user-data-dir 生效，不污染真实数据
+  await a1.invoke(VAULT_SWITCH, { root: vault });
+  const created: { path: string } = await a1.invoke(FILE_CREATE, { basePath: '', name: 'roundtrip', isFolder: false });
+  expect(created.path).toBe('roundtrip.md');
+  await a1.invoke(DOC_WRITE, { path: 'roundtrip.md', meta: { title: '金标准往返' }, body: KNOWN_MD });
+  const W1 = await fs.readFile(nodePath.join(vault, 'roundtrip.md'), 'utf8');
+  await a1.app.close();
+
+  // 重开
+  const a2 = await launch(userData);
+  const read: { meta: any; body: string } = await a2.invoke(DOC_READ, { path: 'roundtrip.md' });
+  const W2 = await fs.readFile(nodePath.join(vault, 'roundtrip.md'), 'utf8');
+  await a2.app.close();
+
+  expect(read.body).toBe(KNOWN_MD);
+  expect(W2).toBe(W1);
+});
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/smoke.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/smoke.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6679e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/e2e/smoke.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { _electron as electron } from 'playwright';
+import { promises as fs } from 'node:fs';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+
+const MAIN_JS = nodePath.join(process.cwd(), 'dist-electron/main/index.js');
+
+async function launchApp() {
+  const tmp = await fs.mkdtemp(nodePath.join(os.tmpdir(), 'hn-e2e-'));
+  const userData = nodePath.join(tmp, 'userdata');
+  const vault = nodePath.join(tmp, 'vault');
+  await fs.mkdir(userData, { recursive: true });
+  await fs.mkdir(vault, { recursive: true });
+  // 预置 config，让 app 直接用临时库（FR-V 隔离）
+  await fs.writeFile(
+    nodePath.join(userData, 'config.json'),
+    JSON.stringify({ vault: { currentRoot: vault, recents: [vault], defaultRoot: vault } }),
+    'utf8',
+  );
+  const app = await electron.launch({ args: ['--user-data-dir=' + userData, MAIN_JS] });
+  return { app, tmp, vault };
+}
+
+test('app launches and renders title bar', async () => {
+  const { app, tmp } = await launchApp();
+  try {
+    const page = await app.firstWindow();
+    await page.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded');
+    await expect(page.getByText('狩夜人笔记').first()).toBeVisible();
+    const shot = nodePath.join(tmp, 'smoke.png');
+    await page.screenshot({ path: shot });
+    console.log('SHOT=' + shot);
+  } finally {
+    await app.close();
+  }
+});
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index c0b756a..09c66aa 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^5.0.15
         version: 5.0.15(@types/react@18.3.31)(react@18.3.1)(use-sync-external-store@1.6.0(react@18.3.1))
     devDependencies:
+      '@playwright/test':
+        specifier: ^1.62.1
+        version: 1.62.1
       '@types/node':
         specifier: ^20.0.0
         version: 20.19.43
@@ -132,6 +135,9 @@ importers:
       electron-vite:
         specifier: ^2.3.0
         version: 2.3.0(vite@5.4.21(@types/node@20.19.43))
+      playwright:
+        specifier: ^1.62.1
+        version: 1.62.1
       react:
         specifier: ^18.3.1
         version: 18.3.1
@@ -467,6 +473,11 @@ packages:
     os: [linux]
     libc: [glibc]
 
+  '@playwright/test@1.62.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DTcUc8qii+cpHvtOwggMtBRMjKZHXYWdw8syRYu2vtzuq4Wxphqq4NfCs5Zt44L6mA8rfDfj+PHnxFc/FeK6mQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+    hasBin: true
+
   '@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi@4.62.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jfkGfTwhQpsiSckPF8r9bU3pn3vyd72NlWaO+TgEO6WPSDnUhXzrNYCHBMOYj0ACaUgjm6eERLF+XV9a6RstoA==}
     cpu: [arm]
@@ -1275,6 +1286,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-yhlQgA6mnOJUKOsRUFsgJdQCvkKhcz8tlZG5HBQfReYZy46OwLcY+Zia0mtdHsOo9y/hP+CxMN0TU9QxoOtG4g==}
     engines: {node: '>=6 <7 || >=8'}
 
+  fsevents@2.3.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xiqMQR4xAeHTuB9uWm+fFRcIOgKBMiOBP+eXiyT7jsgVCq1bkVygt00oASowB7EdtpOHaaPgKt812P9ab+DDKA==}
+    engines: {node: ^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0}
+    os: [darwin]
+
   fsevents@2.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5xoDfX+fL7faATnagmWPpbFtwh/R77WmMMqqHGS65C3vvB0YHrgF+B1YmZ3441tMj5n63k0212XNoJwzlhffQw==}
     engines: {node: ^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0}
@@ -1622,6 +1638,16 @@ packages:
   picocolors@1.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-xceH2snhtb5M9liqDsmEw56le376mTZkEX/jEb/RxNFyegNul7eNslCXP9FDj/Lcu0X8KEyMceP2ntpaHrDEVA==}
 
+  playwright-core@1.62.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-wPYSwEBJY9GHraISXqyqtx0na0LpO3XEX7jNDhntbex7tzUS7kLnZsOlFruFJB4Hi/rhDMjXGqHewDZ68nYZVw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+    hasBin: true
+
+  playwright@1.62.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-0M+L3LAD8/nm554LOla9Ayx0j0tmFZ0FBcoQ7F1VuVHpM/XpiC8RcDzBQB8W5+hA8L22THxELzeF+2WcUzvcLg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+    hasBin: true
+
   postcss@8.5.26:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-u82N74LFzG8ca+dD8puPnplTXoGH4fTPpVGuIbt36G3qvNlkvfD0lEAZSxaly3KX8TS/L1A1gsCEmvKmBcVbkQ==}
     engines: {node: ^10 || ^12 || >=14}
@@ -2286,6 +2312,10 @@ snapshots:
   '@napi-rs/lzma-linux-x64-gnu@1.5.1':
     optional: true
 
+  '@playwright/test@1.62.1':
+    dependencies:
+      playwright: 1.62.1
+
   '@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi@4.62.5':
     optional: true
 
@@ -3090,6 +3120,9 @@ snapshots:
       jsonfile: 4.0.0
       universalify: 0.1.2
 
+  fsevents@2.3.2:
+    optional: true
+
   fsevents@2.3.3:
     optional: true
 
@@ -3633,6 +3666,14 @@ snapshots:
 
   picocolors@1.1.1: {}
 
+  playwright-core@1.62.1: {}
+
+  playwright@1.62.1:
+    dependencies:
+      playwright-core: 1.62.1
+    optionalDependencies:
+      fsevents: 2.3.2
+
   postcss@8.5.26:
     dependencies:
       nanoid: 3.3.18