652 lines
46 KiB
HTML
652 lines
46 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
|
||
<html lang="en" data-content_root="../">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback" />
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Python documentation" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal. Call faulthandler.enable() to install fault handlers for the SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, ..." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image" content="_static/og-image.png" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Python documentation" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault, after a timeout, or on a user signal. Call faulthandler.enable() to install fault handlers for the SIGSEGV, SIGFPE, ..." />
|
||
<meta name="theme-color" content="#3776ab">
|
||
<meta property="og:image:width" content="200">
|
||
<meta property="og:image:height" content="200">
|
||
|
||
<title>faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback — Python 3.15.0 documentation</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css?v=b86133f3" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css?v=234b1a7c" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css?v=48df1187" />
|
||
<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments_dark.css?v=0fc419ee" />
|
||
|
||
<script src="../_static/documentation_options.js?v=0fe728b1"></script>
|
||
<script src="../_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script>
|
||
<script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
|
||
title="Search within Python 3.15.0 documentation"
|
||
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
|
||
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
|
||
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
|
||
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
|
||
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
|
||
<link rel="next" title="pdb — The Python Debugger" href="pdb.html" />
|
||
<link rel="prev" title="bdb — Debugger framework" href="bdb.html" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style>
|
||
@media only screen {
|
||
table.full-width-table {
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme_dark.css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" id="pydoctheme_dark_css">
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.svg">
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/menu.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/search-focus.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/themetoggle.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/rtd_switcher.js"></script>
|
||
<meta name="readthedocs-addons-api-version" content="1">
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<div class="mobile-nav">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="menuToggler" class="toggler__input" aria-controls="navigation"
|
||
aria-pressed="false" aria-expanded="false" role="button" aria-label="Menu">
|
||
<nav class="nav-content" role="navigation">
|
||
<label for="menuToggler" class="toggler__label">
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span class="nav-items-wrapper">
|
||
<a href="https://www.python.org/" class="nav-logo">
|
||
<img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo">
|
||
</a>
|
||
<span class="version_switcher_placeholder"></span>
|
||
<form role="search" class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search-icon">
|
||
<path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27a6.5 6.5 0 001.48-5.34c-.47-2.78-2.79-5-5.59-5.34a6.505 6.505 0 00-7.27 7.27c.34 2.8 2.56 5.12 5.34 5.59a6.5 6.5 0 005.34-1.48l.27.28v.79l4.25 4.25c.41.41 1.08.41 1.49 0 .41-.41.41-1.08 0-1.49L15.5 14zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q">
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go">
|
||
</form>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="menu-wrapper">
|
||
<nav class="menu" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-traceback">Dumping the traceback</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-c-stack">Dumping the C stack</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#c-stack-compatibility">C Stack Compatibility</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fault-handler-state">Fault handler state</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout">Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal">Dumping the traceback on a user signal</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#issue-with-file-descriptors">Issue with file descriptors</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="bdb.html"
|
||
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code> — Debugger framework</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="pdb.html"
|
||
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code> — The Python Debugger</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
|
||
const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;
|
||
const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');
|
||
const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
|
||
elements.forEach(element => {
|
||
const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "library/faulthandler.rst");
|
||
element.href = url.toString();
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
||
<h3>This page</h3>
|
||
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
||
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a bug</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="improvepage" href="../improve-page-nojs.html">Improve this page</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.15/Doc/library/faulthandler.rst?plain=1"
|
||
rel="nofollow">Show source
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pdb.html" title="pdb — The Python Debugger"
|
||
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="bdb.html" title="bdb — Debugger framework"
|
||
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="root-icon"><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="switchers">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
||
<a href="../index.html">3.15.0 Documentation</a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python standard library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="debug.html" accesskey="U">Debugging and profiling</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go">
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label> |</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="document">
|
||
<div class="documentwrapper">
|
||
<div class="bodywrapper">
|
||
<div class="body" role="main">
|
||
|
||
<section id="module-faulthandler">
|
||
<span id="faulthandler-dump-the-python-traceback"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback<a class="headerlink" href="#module-faulthandler" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.3.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" />
|
||
<p>This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault,
|
||
after a timeout, or on a user signal. Call <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="faulthandler.enable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler.enable()</span></code></a> to
|
||
install fault handlers for the <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGSEGV" title="signal.SIGSEGV"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGSEGV</span></code></a>,
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGFPE" title="signal.SIGFPE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGFPE</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGABRT" title="signal.SIGABRT"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGABRT</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGBUS" title="signal.SIGBUS"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGBUS</span></code></a>, and
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGILL" title="signal.SIGILL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGILL</span></code></a> signals. You can also
|
||
enable them at startup by setting the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONFAULTHANDLER"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONFAULTHANDLER</span></code></a> environment
|
||
variable or by using the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-X"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-X</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> command line option.</p>
|
||
<p>The fault handler is compatible with system fault handlers like Apport or the
|
||
Windows fault handler. The module uses an alternative stack for signal handlers
|
||
if the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sigaltstack()</span></code> function is available. This allows it to dump the
|
||
traceback even on a stack overflow.</p>
|
||
<p>The fault handler is called on catastrophic cases and therefore can only use
|
||
signal-safe functions (e.g. it cannot allocate memory on the heap). Because of
|
||
this limitation traceback dumping is minimal compared to normal Python
|
||
tracebacks:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>Only ASCII is supported. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backslashreplace</span></code> error handler is used on
|
||
encoding.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Each string is limited to 500 characters.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Only the filename, the function name and the line number are
|
||
displayed. (no source code)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>It is limited to 100 frames per thread, and 100 threads
|
||
(configurable via <em>max_threads</em>).</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>The order is reversed: the most recent call is shown first.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>By default, the Python traceback is written to <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.stderr" title="sys.stderr"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code></a>. To see
|
||
tracebacks, applications must be run in the terminal. A log file can
|
||
alternatively be passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="faulthandler.enable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler.enable()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The module is implemented in C, so tracebacks can be dumped on a crash or when
|
||
Python is deadlocked.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="devmode.html#devmode"><span class="std std-ref">Python Development Mode</span></a> calls <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="faulthandler.enable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler.enable()</span></code></a>
|
||
at Python startup.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pdb.html#module-pdb" title="pdb: The Python debugger for interactive interpreters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Interactive source code debugger for Python programs.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#module-traceback" title="traceback: Print or retrieve a stack traceback."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Standard interface to extract, format and print stack traces of Python programs.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section id="dumping-the-traceback">
|
||
<h2>Dumping the traceback<a class="headerlink" href="#dumping-the-traceback" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.dump_traceback">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dump_traceback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">all_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.dump_traceback" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Dump the tracebacks of all threads into <em>file</em>. If <em>all_threads</em> is
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, dump only the current thread. <em>max_threads</em> caps the number
|
||
of threads dumped.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#traceback.print_tb" title="traceback.print_tb"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback.print_tb()</span></code></a>, which can be used to print a traceback object.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.15: </span>Added the <em>max_threads</em> keyword argument.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="dumping-the-c-stack">
|
||
<h2>Dumping the C stack<a class="headerlink" href="#dumping-the-c-stack" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="versionadded">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.14.</span></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.dump_c_stack">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dump_c_stack</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.dump_c_stack" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Dump the C stack trace of the current thread into <em>file</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>If the Python build does not support it or the operating system
|
||
does not provide a stack trace, then this prints an error in place
|
||
of a dumped C stack.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<section id="c-stack-compatibility">
|
||
<span id="id1"></span><h3>C Stack Compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#c-stack-compatibility" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>If the system does not support the C-level <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/backtrace(3)">backtrace(3)</a></em>
|
||
or <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/dladdr1(3)">dladdr1(3)</a></em>, then C stack dumps will not work.
|
||
An error will be printed instead of the stack.</p>
|
||
<p>Additionally, some compilers do not support <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-CPython"><span class="xref std std-term">CPython’s</span></a>
|
||
implementation of C stack dumps. As a result, a different error may be printed
|
||
instead of the stack, even if the operating system supports dumping stacks.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Dumping C stacks can be arbitrarily slow, depending on the DWARF level
|
||
of the binaries in the call stack.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="fault-handler-state">
|
||
<h2>Fault handler state<a class="headerlink" href="#fault-handler-state" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.enable">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">all_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">c_stack</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Enable the fault handler: install handlers for the <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGSEGV" title="signal.SIGSEGV"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGSEGV</span></code></a>,
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGFPE" title="signal.SIGFPE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGFPE</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGABRT" title="signal.SIGABRT"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGABRT</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGBUS" title="signal.SIGBUS"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGBUS</span></code></a>
|
||
and <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signal.SIGILL" title="signal.SIGILL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGILL</span></code></a>
|
||
signals to dump the Python traceback. If <em>all_threads</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>,
|
||
produce tracebacks for every running thread. Otherwise, dump only the current
|
||
thread.</p>
|
||
<p>The <em>file</em> must be kept open until the fault handler is disabled: see
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler-fd"><span class="std std-ref">issue with file descriptors</span></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>c_stack</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, then the C stack trace is printed after the Python
|
||
traceback, unless the system does not support it. See <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.dump_c_stack" title="faulthandler.dump_c_stack"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump_c_stack()</span></code></a> for
|
||
more information on compatibility.</p>
|
||
<p><em>max_threads</em> caps the number of threads dumped when a fatal signal fires.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>On Windows, a handler for Windows exception is also installed.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.10: </span>The dump now mentions if a garbage collector collection is running
|
||
if <em>all_threads</em> is true.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.14: </span>Only the current thread is dumped if the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-GIL"><span class="xref std std-term">GIL</span></a> is disabled to
|
||
prevent the risk of data races.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.14: </span>The dump now displays the C stack trace if <em>c_stack</em> is true.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.15: </span>Added the <em>max_threads</em> keyword argument.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.disable">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">disable</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.disable" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Disable the fault handler: uninstall the signal handlers installed by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="faulthandler.enable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enable()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.is_enabled">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_enabled</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.is_enabled" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Check if the fault handler is enabled.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout">
|
||
<h2>Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout<a class="headerlink" href="#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.dump_traceback_later">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dump_traceback_later</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timeout</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">repeat</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.dump_traceback_later" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Dump the tracebacks of all threads, after a timeout of <em>timeout</em> seconds, or
|
||
every <em>timeout</em> seconds if <em>repeat</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. If <em>exit</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, call
|
||
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_exit()</span></code> with status=1 after dumping the tracebacks. (Note
|
||
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_exit()</span></code> exits the process immediately, which means it doesn’t do any
|
||
cleanup like flushing file buffers.) If the function is called twice, the new
|
||
call replaces previous parameters and resets the timeout. The timer has a
|
||
sub-second resolution. <em>max_threads</em> caps the number of threads dumped.</p>
|
||
<p>The <em>file</em> must be kept open until the traceback is dumped or
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later" title="faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cancel_dump_traceback_later()</span></code></a> is called: see <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler-fd"><span class="std std-ref">issue with file
|
||
descriptors</span></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>This function is implemented using a watchdog thread.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>This function is now always available.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.15: </span>Added the <em>max_threads</em> keyword argument.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cancel_dump_traceback_later</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.cancel_dump_traceback_later" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Cancel the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.dump_traceback_later" title="faulthandler.dump_traceback_later"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump_traceback_later()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal">
|
||
<h2>Dumping the traceback on a user signal<a class="headerlink" href="#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.register">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">register</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">signum</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">all_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">chain</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="keyword-only-separator o"><abbr title="Keyword-only parameters separator (PEP 3102)"><span class="pre">*</span></abbr></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.register" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Register a user signal: install a handler for the <em>signum</em> signal to dump
|
||
the traceback of all threads, or of the current thread if <em>all_threads</em> is
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, into <em>file</em>. Call the previous handler if chain is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.
|
||
<em>max_threads</em> caps the number of threads dumped.</p>
|
||
<p>The <em>file</em> must be kept open until the signal is unregistered by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.unregister" title="faulthandler.unregister"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unregister()</span></code></a>: see <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler-fd"><span class="std std-ref">issue with file descriptors</span></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Not available on Windows.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.15: </span>Added the <em>max_threads</em> keyword argument.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="faulthandler.unregister">
|
||
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">faulthandler.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unregister</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">signum</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#faulthandler.unregister" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Unregister a user signal: uninstall the handler of the <em>signum</em> signal
|
||
installed by <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.register" title="faulthandler.register"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">register()</span></code></a>. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the signal was registered,
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.</p>
|
||
<p>Not available on Windows.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="issue-with-file-descriptors">
|
||
<span id="faulthandler-fd"></span><h2>Issue with file descriptors<a class="headerlink" href="#issue-with-file-descriptors" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.enable" title="faulthandler.enable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enable()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.dump_traceback_later" title="faulthandler.dump_traceback_later"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump_traceback_later()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#faulthandler.register" title="faulthandler.register"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">register()</span></code></a> keep the
|
||
file descriptor of their <em>file</em> argument. If the file is closed and its file
|
||
descriptor is reused by a new file, or if <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.dup2" title="os.dup2"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.dup2()</span></code></a> is used to replace
|
||
the file descriptor, the traceback will be written into a different file. Call
|
||
these functions again each time that the file is replaced.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="example">
|
||
<h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Example of a segmentation fault on Linux with and without enabling the fault
|
||
handler:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-c<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"import ctypes; ctypes.string_at(0)"</span>
|
||
<span class="go">Segmentation fault</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="gp">$ </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-q<span class="w"> </span>-X<span class="w"> </span>faulthandler
|
||
<span class="go">>>> import ctypes</span>
|
||
<span class="go">>>> ctypes.string_at(0)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="go">Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700 (most recent call first):</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> File "/opt/python/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 486 in string_at</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> File "<stdin>", line 1 in <module></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="go">Current thread's C stack trace (most recent call first):</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at _Py_DumpStack+0x42 [0x5b27f7d7147e]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x32dcbd [0x5b27f7d85cbd]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x32df8a [0x5b27f7d85f8a]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/usr/lib/libc.so.6", at +0x3def0 [0x77b73226bef0]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/usr/lib/libc.so.6", at +0x17ef9c [0x77b7323acf9c]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.15/_ctypes.cpython-315d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so", at +0xcdf6 [0x77b7315dddf6]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/usr/lib/libffi.so.8", at +0x7976 [0x77b73158f976]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/usr/lib/libffi.so.8", at +0x413c [0x77b73158c13c]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/usr/lib/libffi.so.8", at ffi_call+0x12e [0x77b73158ef0e]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.15/_ctypes.cpython-315d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so", at +0x15a33 [0x77b7315e6a33]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.15/_ctypes.cpython-315d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so", at +0x164fa [0x77b7315e74fa]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.15/_ctypes.cpython-315d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so", at +0xc624 [0x77b7315dd624]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at _PyObject_MakeTpCall+0xce [0x5b27f7b73883]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x11bab6 [0x5b27f7b73ab6]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at PyObject_Vectorcall+0x23 [0x5b27f7b73b04]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x490c [0x5b27f7cbb302]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x2818e6 [0x5b27f7cd98e6]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x281aab [0x5b27f7cd9aab]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at PyEval_EvalCode+0xc5 [0x5b27f7cd9ba3]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x255957 [0x5b27f7cad957]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x255ab4 [0x5b27f7cadab4]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x6c3e [0x5b27f7cbd634]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x2818e6 [0x5b27f7cd98e6]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x281aab [0x5b27f7cd9aab]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x11b6e1 [0x5b27f7b736e1]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x11d348 [0x5b27f7b75348]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x11d626 [0x5b27f7b75626]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at PyObject_Call+0x20 [0x5b27f7b7565e]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x32a67a [0x5b27f7d8267a]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x32a7f8 [0x5b27f7d827f8]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at +0x32ac1b [0x5b27f7d82c1b]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> Binary file "/opt/python/python", at Py_RunMain+0x31 [0x5b27f7d82ebe]</span>
|
||
<span class="go"> <truncated rest of calls></span>
|
||
<span class="go">Segmentation fault</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-traceback">Dumping the traceback</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-c-stack">Dumping the C stack</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#c-stack-compatibility">C Stack Compatibility</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fault-handler-state">Fault handler state</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-tracebacks-after-a-timeout">Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dumping-the-traceback-on-a-user-signal">Dumping the traceback on a user signal</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#issue-with-file-descriptors">Issue with file descriptors</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="bdb.html"
|
||
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bdb</span></code> — Debugger framework</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="pdb.html"
|
||
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code> — The Python Debugger</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
|
||
const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;
|
||
const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');
|
||
const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];
|
||
elements.forEach(element => {
|
||
const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);
|
||
url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "library/faulthandler.rst");
|
||
element.href = url.toString();
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
||
<h3>This page</h3>
|
||
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
||
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a bug</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="improvepage" href="../improve-page-nojs.html">Improve this page</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.15/Doc/library/faulthandler.rst?plain=1"
|
||
rel="nofollow">Show source
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar">
|
||
<span>«</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
>index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pdb.html" title="pdb — The Python Debugger"
|
||
>next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="bdb.html" title="bdb — Debugger framework"
|
||
>previous</a> |</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="root-icon"><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="switchers">
|
||
<div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
<div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="cpython-language-and-version">
|
||
<a href="../index.html">3.15.0 Documentation</a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python standard library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="debug.html" >Debugging and profiling</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">faulthandler</span></code> — Dump the Python traceback</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go">
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
<label class="theme-selector-label">
|
||
Theme
|
||
<select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">
|
||
<option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>
|
||
<option value="light">Light</option>
|
||
<option value="dark">Dark</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</label> |</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001 Python Software Foundation.
|
||
<br>
|
||
This page is licensed under the Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
|
||
<br>
|
||
Examples, recipes, and other code in the documentation are additionally licensed under the Zero Clause BSD License.
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
See <a href="/license.html">History and License</a> for more information.<br>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
|
||
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
Last updated on Oct 09, 2026 (11:35 UTC).
|
||
|
||
<a href="/bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 8.2.3.
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |