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<section id="python-built-ins-reference">
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<span id="builtins-index"></span><h1>Python built-ins reference<a class="headerlink" href="#python-built-ins-reference" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Python comes with a number of built-in functions and classes.</p>
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<p>The built-in classes include data types that would normally be considered part
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of the “core” of a language, such as numbers and lists. For these types, the
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Python language core defines the form of literals and places some constraints
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on their semantics, but does not fully define the semantics.</p>
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<p>The built-ins also include functions and exceptions — objects that can
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be used by all Python code without the need of an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a> statement.
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Some of these are defined by the core language, but many are not essential for
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the core semantics and are only described here.</p>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
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<p>In addition to the built-ins, Python provides an extensive importable
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standard library, see <a class="reference internal" href="../library/index.html#library-index"><span class="std std-ref">The Python standard library</span></a>.</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html">Built-in Types</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing">Truth Value Testing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not">Boolean Operations — <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">and</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">or</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">not</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#comparisons">Comparisons</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex">Numeric Types — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#boolean-type-bool">Boolean Type - <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#iterator-types">Iterator Types</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range">Sequence Types — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#text-and-binary-sequence-type-methods-summary">Text and Binary Sequence Type Methods Summary</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#text-sequence-type-str">Text Sequence Type — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#binary-sequence-types-bytes-bytearray-memoryview">Binary Sequence Types — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset">Set Types — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict-frozendict">Mapping types — <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozendict</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#type-annotation-types-generic-alias-union">Type Annotation Types — <span class="xref std std-ref">Generic Alias</span>, <span class="xref std std-ref">Union</span></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#other-built-in-types">Other Built-in Types</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#integer-string-conversion-length-limitation">Integer string conversion length limitation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html">Built-in Constants</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#constants-added-by-the-site-module">Constants added by the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> module</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html">Built-in functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html">Built-in Exceptions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#base-classes">Base classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html">Thread Safety Guarantees</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html#thread-safety-for-list-objects">Thread safety for list objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html#thread-safety-for-dict-objects">Thread safety for dict objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html#thread-safety-for-set-objects">Thread safety for set objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html#thread-safety-for-bytearray-objects">Thread safety for bytearray objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="threadsafety.html#thread-safety-for-memoryview-objects">Thread safety for memoryview objects</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html">Time complexity of operations on built-in types</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#dict-frozendict"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozendict</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#set-frozenset"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#str-bytes-bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#memoryview"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#range"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code></a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time-complexity.html#notes">Notes</a></li>
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